INTRODUCTION to LINGUISTICS
what is linguistics? Linguistic is the study of language. Linguistic="lingua" is language, the French language "langage-langue", Italian "lingua", Spanish "lengua" and English "language". so... for me, Linguistic is fun. soalnya belajar banyak hal gitu didalamnya.
There are various branches of linguistics:
Phonetics is the study of the sounds of speech. kita disini belajar darimana dan bagaimana suara itu berasal (iya emang suara itu dari organ bicara : mulut,bibir,lidah termasuk ga ya?wkwk) ya tapi kalau di linguistics will tell u more about sound. not only the sound that comes from your mouth but also about whats you hear. hehe gitulah kalau disimpulin ya.
Phonology is study about sound also but the process of the sound. singkatnya, how the sounds from your ears are deconstructed to be processed by your brain. so, kita belajarnya lebih dalam lagi nih di phonology. salah satu mata kuliahnya itu kalau aku gak salah sih pronunciation.
Morphology Many languages have a much more complex way of putting words together. Morphology interacts in important ways with both phonology (bringing sounds together can cause them to change) and syntax, which needs to pay attention to the form of a word when it combines it with other words. but, as i know, according to the linguistic's book by abdul chaer, ciri sebuah morfem adalah kesamaan arti dan kesamaan bentuk. Misalnya kedua dan kepasar. sama sama ke kan? tapi ke nya itu beda artinya meskipun bentuknya sama. gitu guys. other example is meninggalkan and ditinggal. kan kata dasarnya sama tuh meskipun ada perubahan t ke n ya itu beda lagi ya. nah kata dasarnya SAME bentuknya SAME maknanya SAME. FIX!! INI MORFEM (once again, according to the book of general linguistic by Abdul Chaer,1488)
Syntax is the study of how phrases, clauses and sentences are constructed and combined in particular languages. Writing a grammar requires defining the rules that govern the structure of the sentences of the language. For example, languages where the direct object generally follows the verb have a lot of things in common, in contrast to the things in common held by languages in which the direct object generally precedes the verb.
Discourse analysis looks at bigger chunks of language - texts, conversations, stories, speeches, etc. Different types of these use language differently, and there can even be differences in how a language is used based on the genre. For example, "Once upon a time" is an appropriate start to a fairy tale, but not to a news story on the evening news. Discourse features can also show important principles of organization such as which players in a story have key roles and which just have bit parts.
Semantics is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between words, phrases and other bits of language and on how these words and phrases connect to the world. nah ini nih, bagian yang pengen banget aku tekunin. cocok buat karakter aku sih sepertinya(AMIN). In semantics there some type of meaning(grammatical,leksikal,kontekstual,denotatif,konotatif,ambigu dll). for example:
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if that word said by a mother to her girl when a boy come to house and talk with her girl that is mean the mother want the boy to lets go. simplenya pengusiran.
but, if that word said by a mother to her children can be mean a remind to sholat. Simplenya, peringatan atau himbauan gitulah.
jadi, in semantics, we will study that a word or a sentence have some meaning. pokoknya ada banyak lagi yang bakal dipelajari di semantik ini. nanti nanti bakalan aku ulas secara terperinci dibeberapa bagiannya.
